Návrh druhovej a odrodovej skladby
Pre pestrú skladbu ovocia navrhujem do záhrady osadiť jablone, hrušky slivky, marhuľu, broskyňu a višňu, egreše, ríbezle, vinič, maliny, zemolez. Stromky resp. kríčky si zabezpečíme buď nákupom alebo si ich pripravíme sami na podpníky zo zdravého materiálu (vrúble, očká). Ak sa nevieme rozlúčiť s niektorou starou sortou ovocia, pripravíme si ju na novom progresívnom podpníku aby sme si chuť zachovali.Pre podmienky žilinského regiónu navrhujem nasledovnú odrodovú skladbu jednotlivých druhov ovocia vzhľadom na požiadavku, aby ovocie bolo na záhradke počas celého vegetačného obdobia. Uvedené sú mesiace dozrievania jednotlivých odrôd a približná farba plodov. Samozrejme je možné použiť aj metódu multikriteriálnej selekcie pre optimálne druhové zloženie.
Ak by sme mali väčšiu nevyužitú pôdu v záhrade, aj táto sa dá využiť na výsadbu zemiakov, aby sme skyprili pôdu, zamedzili rastu buriny, mali zároveň i úžitok a pripravili ju pre ďaľšiu výsadbu. Preto uvádzam v prehľade aj niektoré overené sorty zemiakov v žilinskom regióne.
Prečo takáto odrodová skladba ? Vidíme, že najsilnejšie zastúpenie majú odrody nové rezistentné. Ak si uvedomíme, aké náklady sú na chemickú ochranu proti chrastavitosti, keď veľakrát nestačí na udržanie zdravých listov a plodov ani dvanásť až pätnásť postrekov, potom nie je ťažké spočítať ekonomický prínos rezistentných odrôd. Pri nich chemická ochrana proti tomuto ochoreniu celkom odpadá. Aké to má priaznivé zdravotné a ekologické dôsledky, netreba zdôrazňovať. Keď hovoríme o rezistencii, týka sa to iba odolnosti proti chrastavitosti, nie proti iným hubovým chorobám.
Preto na tomto mieste doporučujem integrované pestovanie ovocnín, v ktorom ide o ekologicky a ekonomicky prijateľné opatrenia, o alternatívne postupy k bežne používaným pestovateľským metódam. Predpokladom pre uplatnenie tohoto je výber odolných alebo aspoň tolerantných odrôd a vhodných pestovateľských postupov. Základom integrovaného systému pestovania ovocia je integrovaná ochrana, pri ktorej sa využívajú všetky ekonomicky, ekologicky a toxikologicky prijateľné metódy pre udržanie škodlivých činiteľov pod hladinou škodlivosti s prednostným – zámerným využitím prirodzených obmedzujúcich faktorov.
Nasledovný zoznam odporúčaných odrôd uvádzam ako výsledok overenia týchto v žilinskom regióne
v miestach Žilina, Teplička nad Váhom, Brodno, Strážov, Rosina, Kysucký Lieskovec, Belá a Rajec.
Zoznam odporúčaných odrôd pre žilinský región s dozrievaním
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Druh
|
Odroda
|
|
|
Mesiac
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V.
|
VI.
|
VII.
|
VIII.
|
IX.
|
X.
|
|
|
|
|
Jablone
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Julia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Milada
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Krasava
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Mantet
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Prima
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Rosana
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Vanda
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Arlet
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Šampion
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Melodie
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Selena
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Lotos
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Vitos
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gala Galaxy
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Angold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rubinola
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Bohemia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Bohemia Gold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Rubín
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Rubinstep
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Viktória
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Jarka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pinova
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rajka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Jonagold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jonagold Wilmutha
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jonagored
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Jonalord
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Ligol
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Otava
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Topaz
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
Goldstar
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
Skúšané
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Delicia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Daria
|
|
|
James Grieve+Double Red
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paula Red
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ametyst NV
|
|
Hana
|
**
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Early Delicious
|
|
|
Desert
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Akme
|
|
|
Dublet
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Delor
|
Lipno VR
|
|
Dulcit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Denár
|
|
|
Karen
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gala MitchglaSchniga*
|
|
|
Delinco
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Melrose
|
*
|
|
Zlatý Rubín
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pikant
|
|
|
Jolana
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liberty
|
Luna TG
|
|
Biogolden
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JG Excel
|
***
|
|
Freyberg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JG Jonaprince
|
|
|
Fuji Kiku 8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JG Jonica
|
|
|
Melrouge
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JG King
|
Heliodor GT*
|
|
Meteor
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JG Marnica
|
***
|
|
Lindel
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JG Novajo
|
|
|
Pink Lady
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JGR Supra
|
Opál GT*
|
|
Rubens
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ozerkgold
|
Orion GO *
|
|
Santana
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rezista
|
Red Topaz
|
|
Stela
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rubimeg
|
Rozela VB**
|
|
Svatava
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zuzana
|
|
Typ
|
Odroda
|
|
|
Mesiac
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V.
|
VI.
|
VII.
|
VIII.
|
IX.
|
X.
|
|
|
|
Hrušky
|
Isolda
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hardyho
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Radana
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Williamsova
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Merillatova
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
KonferenciaJana
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electra
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nitra
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LucasovaConcorde
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dicolor
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Robertova Dekanka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nela
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bohemica
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Erika
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Azijské hr.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tama
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nijiseiki
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kumoi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hosui
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chojuro
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mansangil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slivky
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Katinka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malvazinka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unica(Klaret)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Čačan. lepotica
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hanita
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jojo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kirkeho
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stanley
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Viktória
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zelená ringlota
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Opál
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Toptaste
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valjevka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Durandzia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Elena
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Presenta
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marhule
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Melitantny rany
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20.7.
|
|
|
MaďarskáKompakta
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25.7.
|
|
|
PincotSilvercotKioto
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25.7.
|
|
|
Goldrich
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25.7.
|
|
|
Hargrand
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.8.
|
|
Broskyne
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fenix
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.7.
|
|
|
Harbinger
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.7.
|
|
|
Earliglo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24.7.
|
|
|
Belmondo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30.7.
|
|
|
Harberle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.8.
|
|
|
Harbritte
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.8.
|
|
|
FordovaRoza
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.8.
|
|
|
Redhaven
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.8.
|
|
|
FlamingoRoyal Glory
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15.8.
|
|
Typ
|
Odroda
|
|
|
Mesiac
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V.
|
VI.
|
VII.
|
VIII.
|
IX.
|
X.
|
|
|
|
Hrozno
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Augustovskij
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.dek.VIII
|
muškátový
|
|
Vostorg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.dek.VIII
|
|
|
Arkadija
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.dek.VIII
|
úrodný veľký
|
|
Prim
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.dek.VIII
|
muškátový
|
|
V25/20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.dek.VIII
|
|
|
Uran
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.dek.IX
|
bezsemenný
|
|
Regent
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.dek.IX
|
mušt.
|
|
Festivalnyj
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.dek.IX
|
mušt.
|
|
Nero
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.dek.IX
|
|
|
Križovnikovaja
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.dek.IX
|
|
|
MalverinaBianca
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.dek.IX
|
mušt.
|
|
Talianske tmavé
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.dek.IX
|
|
Egreše
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hinnonmaki RotGelb
|
O
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Industria
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Invicta
|
O
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remarka
|
O
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Neguš
|
O
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RokulaPaxSpinFree
|
O
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zlatá figa
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mistral
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ríbezle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eva
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Otelo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TiranTritonCeres
|
R
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TiselTiben
|
R
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Titania
|
R
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rubigo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Detvan
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tatran
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maliny
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumberland
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
m
|
|
|
Gazda
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
o beztrnna
|
|
|
OrkanBuckingham
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
o beztrnna
|
|
|
Poranna Rosa
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rem. trne
|
|
|
Glen AmpleTulameen
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
beztrnna
|
|
|
Ada
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rem
|
|
|
Medea
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rem
|
|
|
Heritage
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rem.
|
|
|
Lloyd George
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rem.
|
|
|
PolanaPolkaLaszka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reliance
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rem. !!!
|
|
|
Rubín (bulharský)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jahody
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ElsantaElista
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hol.
|
|
|
Gorella
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hol.
|
|
|
IndukaSymfony
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kama
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Karmen
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HoneyoeMagura
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Senga Sengana
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lidka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rem.
|
|
|
Ostara
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rem. Hol.
|
|
|
Selva
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rem. Hol.
|
Druh
|
Odroda
|
|
|
Mesiac
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V.
|
VI.
|
VII.
|
VIII.
|
IX.
|
X.
|
|
|
|
Zemolez
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AltajDlinoplodnaja
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AmurWoloszebnica
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Czeliabinka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Siniglaska
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Čučoriedky
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Golden Traube
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bluecrop
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nelson
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Darow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jarabina
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mor.sladkoplodá
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arónia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Čerešne
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Karešova
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kordia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TěchlovanBurlatHorka
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VandaSam
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Višne
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Újfehértói fúrtós
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bótermó
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fanal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Morelenfeuer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orechy
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jupiter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pp
|
|
|
Lake
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pp
|
|
|
Mars
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pp
|
|
Zemiaky
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Colette
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VS
|
!
|
|
Gloria
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VS
|
super
|
|
Cinja
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S
|
!
|
|
Dali
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S
|
super
|
|
Juvena
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S
|
super
|
|
Miriam
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S
|
|
|
Quarta
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S
|
super
|
|
Vineta
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S
|
|
|
Agria
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS
|
|
|
Dita
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS
|
|
|
Husár
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS
|
|
|
Marabel
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS
|
super
|
|
Milva
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS
|
!
|
|
Paola
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS
|
!
|
|
Solara
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS
|
|
|
Vitara
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SS
|
|
|
Clarisa
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SN
|
|
|
Laura
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SN
|
|
|
Nicola
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SN
|
|
|
Stefi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SN
|
!
|
Komentáre